Unit 3 -IP- Samples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 3 -IP- Samples - Essay Example In order to test whether the two variables have the same means, a two – sample, two – sided t – test must be performed. The two - tailed test is used because the concern is not whether some variable has a larger or lower mean, but whether the two means are different. As a result, the null hypothesis was established in equation (1) below, stating that the difference in means of the two samples is random. Since the sample sizes are relatively small, the t – test is used as the preferred test (Baltagi, 2008, p.31). The confidence interval is constructed in order to test this hypothesis. The confidence set with confidence level must be determined such that the true difference of the sample means is included in this set. What this implies is that the confidence set will include the true difference of population means with probability â€Å"at least † (Paolella, 2011, p. 13), as shown in equation (3) below: The confidence level chosen is 0.95, which implies that the corresponding confidence set will contain the true population mean difference with 95% probability (Paolella, 2011, p.13). The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true is as a result 5% (Baltagi, 2008, p.21). This error is denoted as type I error. The larger the confidence interval, the larger the probability that the null hypothesis will be accepted when it is in fact false (Baltagi, 2008, p.22). This error is denoted as type II error. A t – score must be calculated by subtracting the sample means and dividing by the square root of the adjusted population variances, which can be estimated through sample variances. There are in total degree of freedom (Neustadl, n.d.). The resulting t – value is  ± 2.009, which is also the critical region (Dawson, 2012;Ruud, 2000, p.224). The t – test can be seen in equation (4) below: The t – test is preferred because of the data dependence. Both variables have in common the type of

117 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

117 - Research Paper Example In fact, most research findings prove that Apple’s competitive advantage is in its ecosystem and not just the hardware and software prowess. Apple use Exclusivity Technique which works by making the selected customer subset feel like kings due to the premium offers it gives. Through this strategy, Apple has been in a position to create and sustain a unique customer relationship while reducing marketing costs at the same time. To make it effective, Apple deliberately restricted the flow of most of its products more so iPhone and tablets to a number of mobile phone providers and customers. While most firms use the marketing mix concept on the seller perspective, Apple applies it from the buyer’s perspective. This means that the company aims at delivery quality to ensure customer satisfaction, offer long-term solutions to customers, create what customers imagine and ensure convenience. Apple’s marketing mix is incorporated in the five Ps: Price, Place, Product, Promotion, and People. An integrated marketing communication approach is relied upon by the company to help it in achieving objectives linked to the marketing campaign by using a variety of promotional methods (Wernick p.34). The main components of IMC strategy are advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion Apple Inc. puts a lot of emphasis on Research and Development (R&D) and marketing communication strategies. It does all these to make sure there is brand loyalty among customers who derive satisfaction from the Apple Inc. products. In a unique way, though one of the largest companies in the world, it has managed to run as a small company, which is the best strategy in surviving through difficult times. To make sure this is effective, the company relies on small but capable firms and shifts Brand Focus Apple where it capitalizes on the Minimalist approach to its

The elderly man Essay Example for Free

The elderly man Essay My response to situation number four is not to charge the elderly man. First and foremost, a prosecutor’s duty entails determining what cases should be prosecuted. In effect, this means, acting as a â€Å"strainer. † This means that decisions are based on several factors such as â€Å"limited resources, difficulty in enforcement, and not to mention political and public pressures† In deciding against prosecution, the following factors were taken into consideration: age, public interest, and rehabilitation from imprisonment. From the nature of the case and the age of the accused, there would be little reason to imprison him. In addition, looking at the factual circumstances surrounding the commission of the crime, there is little reason to do so. The fact that he immediately turned himself in shows his understanding of right and wrong, in the same breath making a choice to commit such wrong to free his wife from her disease. Moreover, I took media attention in consideration. Being published on the front page of a newspaper indicates a high public in the case, which is the very basis for enacting laws. The article will elicit two kinds of reaction from the public. The first reaction is negative in that people would disagree to the act of ending his wife’s life, but the other reaction could be an outpouring of sympathy for an elderly man who only wanted his wife’s suffering to end. To quote the assigned text, â€Å"in some situations, prosecutors do not charge because of an outpouring of public sympathy or support for the accused, perhaps because of the type of crime or identity of the victim. † Furthermore, based on a study that looks at the prosecutor as â€Å"operating in an exchange system†, whether between the prosecutor and police officers or the courts, in which case considerations may include jail overcrowding and docket backlog, a prosecutor would think twice whether or not charges should be pressed. On the basis of the above reasons, taxpayers’ money would be better spent prosecuting individuals whose malicious or negligent actions have caused pain and suffering to the victims and their families.

Chris Argyris Case Study Analysis: Organizational Climate Essay

Chris Argyris Case Study Analysis: Organizational Climate MidAmerica Nazarene University offers Organizational Behavior as a class in their adult education program (Courses, 2012) that this author teaches. Subsequently, Chris Argyris, a forerunner in organizational behavior research (Burke & Weir, 1978) and the discipline itself are of particular import to this writer. Argyris expanded on research analysis surrounding previously accepted norms of organizational examination that included "the formal, the personality, or the informal levels of analysis," (Argyris, 1958). Moreover, Argyris posited organizational behavior as a "living complexity, conveniently defined as the climate of the organization," (p. 502). This paper will examine organizational behavior as it relates to the case study published in 1958, the contribution of the researchers work, and the influence on the field of organizational psychology. The Case Study There is a fundamental reliance between organizations and the people that make up organizations. Businesses function with a menu of policies and procedures intended to shape the behavior of employees to deliver on goals set forth by the company. Employees have emotional qualities, skill sets, and other abilities that allow them to function in the business environment, Variables affect the organization, creating conflict between the demands of the organization and the needs of the employees. Argyris (1958) described this conflict as organizational behavior, or the â€Å"climate of the organization,† (p. 502). Organizational behavior as a separate analytical category to formal, informal, and personality analysis form the focus of his research. Described as a â€Å"new and forth level of analysis,† (p. 502), Ar... ...g Organizational Climate: A Case Study of a Bank. [Article]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2(4), 501-520. Argyris, C. (1974). Personality vs. organization. Organizational Dynamics, 3(2), 2-17. doi: 10.1016/0090-2616(74)90006-0 Argyris, C. (1978). Is capitalism the culprit? Organizational Dynamics, 6(4), 20-37. doi: 10.1016/0090-2616(78)90050-5 Argyris, C. (1985). Strategy, change and defensive routines. Southport PR9 9YF England: Pitman Publishing. Burke, R. J., & Weir, T. (1978). Organizational Climate and Informal Helping Processes in Work Settings. [Article]. Journal of Management, 4(2), 91-105. . Courses. (2012) Retrieved February 5, 2012, from https://www.mnu.edu/ba-in-mgt-human-relations/courses.html . Google Scholar. (2012) Retrieved February 5, 2012, from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=10595814382911548686&as_sdt=5,26&sciodt=0,26&hl=en

In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay

In the play ‘Hamlet’ by William Shakespeare, one of the main themes is the discrepancy between appearance and reality. The development of this theme through the plot, soliloquy and imagery help to reinforce the player’s role in the play and directs the audience to where their allegiances should lie for the climax of the play. The theme appearance versus reality is clearly evident throughout this Shakespearean play; it is introduced at the very beginning through Claudius’ speech to the court. The structure and rhythm of this blank verse carries him through but the imagery that Shakespeare uses signals to the audience the corruption in Denmark – he uses phrases such as ‘defeated joy’, ‘one auspicious and one drooping eye’ and ‘wisest sorrow’. These opposing images and hollow phrases reveal the hypocrisy of the diplomat’s words; how can a person have ‘one auspicious and one drooping eye’ unless they are duplicitous? Claudius’ opening speech is also eloquent, relaxed and so carefully structured that it appears rehearsed – he deals with three items of business before confronting his black-suited nephew: Old King Hamlet’s death; the threat from Fortinbras’ army; Laertes’ impending departure to France. Shakespeare here signals to the audience that Claudius is uneasier than he appears by leaving his nephew and son-in-law to deal with last. In my opinion, the exposition of Claudius’ Machiavellian mature at the beginning through the theme appearance versus reality is very effective as it reveals to the audience the corruption in Elsinore which essentially instigates Hamlet’s revenge and also exposes Claudius at the beginning of the play as the antagonist, aligning the audience’s sympathies. Furthermore, this main theme is developed through the soliloquies – in particular Claudius’. During his agonised soliloquy, Claudius puts on the appearance of praying but he is pseudo-sincere in this: ‘Pray can I not, though inclination be as sharp as will. ‘ This reveals Claudius confessing to the murder of his brother but not repenting for his sins. As he is not sincere in this, he believes that he will not go to heaven: ‘My words fly up, my thoughts remain below, words without thoughts never to heaven go. ‘ This rhyming couplet not only reveals the theme appearance versus reality, but is also richly ironic as this ‘prayer’ actually saves his life. Shakespeare also employs the transferred epithet ‘stubborn knees’ to further emphasise Claudius’ reluctance to repent for his sins and how he is putting on the appearance of praying, albeit mendaciously. In my opinion, the development of the main theme through Claudius’ soliloquy successfully polarises Claudius from the protagonists and reinforces him as the villain in the play, directing the audience to where their allegiances should lie for the climax of the play. In addition, Shakespeare conveys the theme appearance versus reality through Hamlet’s ‘antic disposition’. This is illustrated particularly well through Hamlet’s exchanges with Polonius: ‘Let her not walk i’th’sun. Conception is a blessing. But as your daughter may conceive – friend, look to’t. ‘ Although these words sound like nonsense to Polonius and the audience, there is a thread of bitter satire running through them. Hamlet reveals his witty sarcasm here as he is aware that Ophelia has been prevented from seeing him and tells Polonius that he should not let her walk in the sun if he wishes to prevent her becoming pregnant. Hamlet’s ‘antic disposition’ is reinforced throughout the play but particularly through his exchanges with Claudius: ‘Excellent i’faith – of the chameleon’s dish. I eat the air, promised crammed. You cannot feed capons so. ‘ Hamlet here is trying to make Claudius think that he is frustrated at not being the King; Claudius pretends not to understand him. In my opinion, Shakespeare effectively polarises Hamlet from Claudius through his ‘antic disposition’ and wit which in turn successfully aligns the audience with the protagonist for the denouement. Furthermore, it could be argued that the theme of surveillance intertwines with the main theme appearance versus reality which helps to further develop the audience’s awareness of the conflict between reality and appearance. For example, Hamlet’s conversations with the two people he loved, Gertrude and Ophelia, were eaves-dropped by Polonius. As a result of the spying, Ophelia and Gertrude spoke to Hamlet with constrained formality: ‘How does your honour for this many a day? ‘. This heated exchange between the eponymous prince and Ophelia during ‘the nunnery scene’ recapitulates arguably the main theme of the play; appearance versus reality which is exposed at the very beginning and is reiterated through Hamlet’s exchanges with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern – they also spy on Hamlet for Claudius: ‘they did make love to this employment! ‘. In my opinion, Shakespeare effectively evokes sympathy for Hamlet and his little allies through dramatic irony and further polarises Hamlet and Claudius through the development of this main theme hence reinforcing Hamlet as the tragic hero of the play. In conclusion, the development of the theme appearance versus reality is essential in augmenting the audience’s understanding and appreciation of the play as a whole. In my opinion, Shakespeare effectively develops this main theme through the plot, soliloquy, imagery and dramatic irony which successfully reinforces the player’s role in the play and also directs the audience to where their sympathies should lie for the denouement.

Quality Improvement For Health Care System Essay - 1293 Words

Quality improvement interventions in health care system Introduction Quality improvement is defined as logical and uninterrupted actions that lead to measurable progress in health care services and the health status of targeted population/patient. it can also be defined as a direct correlation between the level of improved health services and the desired health outcomes of individuals and quality is precisely associated to an organization s service delivery method. Aims for Healthcare Quality Improvement The aim of quality improvement in health care system includes:- 1. To provide safe care to patient so as to avoid injuries related to poor planning or poor quality of care. 2. To provide effective services based on scientific knowledge to all so as to avoid under or over utilization of servicers. 3. To provide patient-centered care that is respectful of and quick to respond to individual patient preferences, desires, morals and ensuring that patient values guide clinical decisions. 4. To provide timely care/service in order to reduce waiting time and sometimes dangerous delays for both those who receive and give care. 5. To provide efficient care to avoiding waste, such as waste of medical equipment, supplies, health care workers ideas, energy and time. 6. To provide equitable care that does not discriminate in terms of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. To accomplish a different level of performance andShow MoreRelatedQuality Improvement For Health Care Systems883 Words   |  4 PagesQuality Improvement: Quality improvement by definition is the use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems (Pre-Licensure KSAs | QSEN, n.d.). Having applied the knowledge and skills used for quality improvement in this scenario could not have avoided the occurrence of the seizure, but with proper initial assessments of this patient, the nursing staff would have beenRead MoreQuality Improvement And Health Care Delivery System1657 Words   |  7 PagesQuality improvement and initiatives are significant for the organization to provide quality health care delivery system. The patient’s safety and satisfaction are greatly achieved through the organization’s leadership, commitment, and initiatives. Quality initiatives can help the organization maximize resources in delivering quality and standard health care services. This paper aims to discuss the importance of q uality improvement, contribution of health information technology system in quality improvementRead MoreQuality And Safety Improvement Initiatives Influences The Health Care System769 Words   |  4 PagesThe requirement for quality and safety improvement initiatives influences the health care system. Quality health care is health services for individuals and populations that increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge (Hughes, 2008). According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err Is Human, the majority of medical errors result from faulty systems and processes, not individuals (Hughes, 2008). 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As a result, the uncertainty in the United States health services industry and the constant changes place significant demand on health care providers and the individuals who lead and manage health care delivery systems (Stowe, Haefner, BehlingRead MoreQI Plan Part 21301 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Quality Improvement Plan Part II September 8, 2014 Lori Stemen Measuring Performance HCS/588 Instructor Jacqueline Sommerville Quality Improvement Plan Part II For health care organizations quality data collection is an essential tool used for data collection. The information produced from the data assists the health care organization in other functions such as effective ways to manage and perform decision making for the organization, this includes theRead MoreComponents Of Continuous Quality Improvement1407 Words   |  6 PagesQuality improvement has philosophical components by emphasizing satisfaction with the consumer (patient, provider, and payer) and health outcomes by focusing on having a mission, values, and objectives to measure performance and implementation (Sollecito Johnson, 2013, p. 11). In order to create this, they review the whole system of service by gathering information from the system operation and patient, so that one can understand the root cause of the information (Sollecito Johnson, 2013, p.Read MoreImportance And Benefits Of Quality Improvement1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand Benefits of Quality Improvement Quality improvement (QI) involves the regular and constant actions that enable measurable improvement in health care. QI results in enhanced health services, organizational efficiency, quality and safe care to patients, and desired health outcomes for individuals and patient populations (U. S. Department of Health and Human Service, 2011). A successful quality improvement program is patient-centered, a collaboration of teams, and uses data in systems. QI helps toRead MoreQuality And Safety Initiatives Throughout The U.s. Health Care Delivery System932 Words   |  4 PagesQuality and safety initiatives are driving important changes in the U.S. health care delivery system. Quality in health care is defined as the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes are consistent with current professional knowledge (Nash Goldfarb, 2006, p. 6). The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err is Human, states that most of th e medical errors are resulted from system error and processes. Medical Errors account

Harriet Jacobs s The On The Same Era Of American History

Two girls born into the same era of American history: despite their vast similarities, what makes these two independent and value-driven young women so different? Since they were living in the same country, many would think that their upbringings would be parallel. On the surface, the only differences between the two girls were their geographic location and their skin color, but during the nineteenth century these actually made a drastic difference in the every day lives of young women. The juxtaposition of the lifestyles of these two young women illuminate the differences which stem from factors such as family, work, education, and religion. These aspects of life were results of the experiences Harriet Jacobs faced as a Southern slave girl in contrast with Harriet Hanson Robinson’s presence in the industrial revolution as a mill girl in New England. Family is generally at the core of a person’s life, because they are the people who introduce you to the world and essent ially show you how to think. In the case of the two Harriet’s, experiences with their families differed due to day to day priorities as well as the amount of freedom each was granted to pursue personal interests. For example, Robinson and her mother moved to Lowell, Massachusetts after her father died, and upon their arrival they â€Å"were carried at once to [her] aunt’s house ... ; and the children were led into her kitchen, where, on the longest and whitest of tables, lay, oh, so many loaves of bread!†Show MoreRelatedFrederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs : Two Humans Born Into Slavery1282 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs: two humans born into slavery. These characters had twistedly abusive masters, forcing them to live in the upmost inhumane way that none, of any era, deserve to endure. Douglass and Jacobs both had an intense passion to be free in a time when freedom depended on the mere color of skin. Their vision was to break the shackles of slavery, to be free, and live free. The vision did not only concern their freedom, but rather, the vision encompassed all fellow slavesRead MoreWomen s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesnineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were women fighting for equality, they were also fighting for the prejudice to end amongst the different races. The beginningRead MorePower Structure During The Era Of Slavery Essay2305 Words   |  10 PagesKaran Singh Chetri Dr. Subarno Chatterjee M.A. English (Final) Power Structure During the Era of Slavery Roaring fear of the state of slavery during the late eighteenth century was not that it displaced only millions of poor African people from their homeland to the united states, but also founded the business of black body as a commodity which was inhuman and was politically, culturally, and socially all together well upholded for the next coming hundred years. This paper shall firstRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 PagesBibliographic Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay â€Å"On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History† the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared â€Å"Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.†1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women inRead MoreHarriet Tubman Essay2304 Words   |  10 PagesHarriet Tubman By Blake Snider December 5, 2010 Professor J Arrieta Seminar Critical Inquiry Harriet Tubman is a woman of faith and dignity who saved many African American men and women through courage and love for God. One would ponder what would drive someone to bring upon pain and suffering to one’s self just to help others. Harriet Tubman was an African American women that took upon many roles during her time just as abolitionist, humanitarian, and a UnionRead MoreHow Slavery Can Affect The Mother s Mind And Threaten Motherhood3396 Words   |  14 Pagesa treacherous act that dehumanizes African-Americans. Whenever there are tragic stories to learn more about this type of institution and see what slaves really went through during the Antebellum Era, people mostly find it shown from African-American men with their experiences with slavery. For example, Solomon Northup in 12 Years a Slave, Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Django in Django Unchained, Kunta Kinte in Roots: The Saga of an American Family, and the story of Nat Turner in hisRead MoreA People s History Of The United States Essay1818 Words   |  8 PagesFemale African Slave: In American colonial period, slavery also plays the important role because it displays the extreme actions of men dominance over women. Although there were white slaves existed in Europe and early America, the black slavery and its establishment in the society had brought crucial issues such as racial discrimination as well as gender discrimination. However, the existence of African slavery in American history has also encouraged and enlightened many women to support feminismRead MoreWomen s Movements During Post Revolution Ideals Of The World1864 Words   |  8 Pagesas a family’s place in society. These radical ideals though, did not transfer to the south, lower classes or slaves; these working classes found their place in factory work and slaves, especially slave women, held next to no rights at all. The American Revolution drastically altered the economic and political spheres of the new country, as â€Å"Republicanism† became one of the most talked about social constructs of a country harbored with â€Å"liberty and equality.† Republicanism had drastically differentRead MoreInformative Speech- Womens Rights Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesHow did Womens Rights Movement come about? Women were not allowed to vote. They usually could not get higher education. Often, they could not get jobs, and when they did, they get paid less than men for for the same work. They could not own property, in many countries, including England. In some places, if they had money and got married, the money became the property of their husbands. The Womens Rights Movement started because they were sick of the unfairness. Womens rights are the rights andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance and Its Effect on African American Literature3258 Words   |  14 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance and its Eff ect on African American Literature Thesis: The literary movement during the Harlem Renaissance was a raging fire that brought about new life for the African American writer; its flame still burns today through the writings of contemporary African American writers. I. The Harlem Renaissance- Its Beginning and Development II. The Major Writers A. Claude McKay B. Jean Toomer C. Countee Cullen D. Langston Hughes E. Zora Neale Hurston III